What are specific characteristic symptoms of PTSD?

Intrusion: memories of the trauma recur unexpectedly (like in the middle of washing the dishes). Suddenly an episode (called flashbacks) of vivid memories and painful emotions takes over the victim.

• Avoidance: at first, the person feels numb, has diminished emotions, but can complete their routines mechanically. Then they see-saw between this inability to feel and express emotions, and the flood of emotions during flashbacks. So, they will avoid situations or activities that are reminders of the original traumatic event, in an effort to avoid worsening the symptoms. (Say like avoiding driving down the road where the hospital is, or avoiding visiting other new mothers in hospital.) There is an underlying inability to resolve their painful feelings, which commonly results in depression.
• Hyperarousal: person may become suddenly irritable or explosive, even when not provoked. Everyday stresses can send them over the edge, crying or panicking when, for example, a TV programme comes on featuring birth. They may have trouble concentrating, may develop insomnia, and may have startled reactions.
• Self-medication: in an effort to get rid of the painful flashbacks, loneliness and panic attacks, they may turn to alcohol or drugs.